P22 · Master, Minister, Yogi — the family that sheds its tail น
Draft · in reviewTeacher notes / sources (students may skip)
Corresponds to: course slot P22 = Perry Lesson XXII (§250–251) = SKT บทที่ 22 (22.1–22.2), second half of W12. Shares Perry Lesson XXII / SKT Lesson 22 with P21 — the two lessons split one batch of material: P21 takes §252–254/22.3 (-as/-is/-us), this lesson takes §250 (gir/pur) + §251 (-in). The slot-to-lesson-number correspondence still awaits a unified ruling from the main thread and 260611-課序映射-SKT-Perry-07單元. Sources: Perry §250–251 (backbone: gir/pur + dhanin paradigm) + Ruppel Ch.29 -in section (three-path word-formation) + Goldman Lesson 12 (yogin paradigm + common-error warnings) + SKT 22.1–22.2 (Thai entries) — comparative notes in 260702-P13-P30-四源挖料. Wherever SKT vols 21–25 and the Perry XXII tables carry OCR noise, the original is not cited (caveat note, same precedent as P16/P17); paradigms are entered only after cross-checking across the four sources. No draft base text exists for the consonant-stem unit (07); the story and classroom flow were designed independently by the four-corner team, with all verbs recycled from earlier lessons. Core insight: the -in family sheds its tail น — the very same stem dhanin drops its tail न in the nominative and lengthens to dhanī, then the tail grows back to dhaninam once a case-hat is put on; Thai plays out this exact drama every day: yogin was borrowed in two shapes — โยคิน (น still there) / โยคี (น shed). Zero new mechanisms — it's all about "does the tail น stay or go." Flagship anchor: an entire row of Thai identity-words ending in -ี — สวามี (master), มนตรี (minister), โยคี (yogi), เศรษฐี (rich man) — are all nominatives of -in stems underneath.
"You already know a whole row of them: สวามี (Thai: "master, husband"), มนตรี (Thai: "minister"), โยคี (Thai: "yogi, ascetic"), เศรษฐี (Thai: "rich man").
These four Thai words share a secret — their Sanskrit originals all end in -in: svāmin, mantrin, yogin, śreṣṭhin.
When Thai borrowed them, it shed the tail น and lengthened the i into ี — so svāmin→สวามี, yogin→โยคี.
The one that gives it away most is yogin: Thai borrowed both shapes — โยคิน (tail น still there) and โยคี (น shed, turned into ี).
Same word, two outfits — what you're learning today is exactly this: when does the tail น stay, and when does it disappear."
(มนตรี is even neater: it's actually the nominative mantrī of mantrin itself — Thai borrowed the nominative whole. The Royal Institute Dictionary even notes: "นิยมใช้เป็นส่วนท้ายของสมาส เช่น องคมนตรี รัฐมนตรี เทศมนตรี" ("commonly used as the final element of compounds, e.g. องคมนตรี, รัฐมนตรี, เทศมนตรี") — an -in word used as a compound suffix, exactly as in Sanskrit. สวามี also has a sibling you say every day: สามี "husband" — the Royal Institute Dictionary traces it right back to svāmin, the same word, with both "master" and "husband" having made it into Thai.)
(Every verb is recycled: gacchati←P01, paśyati←P05, pṛcchati←P03, vadati/icchāmi←P01 (the icch family); iti←P06. The old-friend noun pura ("town") is promoted from บุรี to full lesson status; the only new friends are the three -in words dhanin/svāmin/yogin. All sandhi recycled: ๑ puraṃ / ๒ yoginaṃ / ๔ dhanaṃ (m + consonant → ṃ, P02); ๔ na + icchāmi → necchāmi (a + i → e, listen only don't write, the old vowel-sandhi from P04); ๓ kim icchasi written together as किमिच्छसि (m before a vowel stays as is); ๓๔ share the same quotation pattern: quote — iti — subject — verb of speaking (iti←P06 recycled). Recognition points per sentence: ๑ เศรษฐี-ธน/สวามี/บุรี; ๒ สวามี/โยคี-โยคิน; ๓ สวามี/ปุจฉา; ๔ โยคี/ธน. Points to notice: ๑ dhanī/svāmī, ๔ yogī — all three nominatives are -ī with the น shed (= the ี of สวามี/โยคี); ๒ yoginam — once the hat goes on, the น grows back.)
Line one: the -in family sheds its tail น (today's main act).
"New friend dhanin (one who has wealth) — the base form's tail is -in. Its น has two fates:
① Nominative (standing alone): น is shed, i lengthens to ī — dhanī (= the ี of สวามี/โยคี).
② Before a vowel-initial hat (object-hat -am, instrument-hat -ā…): น grows back — dhaninam, dhaninā, dhanini.
③ Before a voiced-consonant hat (the -bhyām/-bhis/-su group): น is shed again — dhanibhis, dhaniṣu.
One rule: a vowel hat keeps น, a sentence-final position or a consonant hat sheds น."
Line two: -in is the stamp for 'one who has…'.
"Stick -in onto almost any -a noun and it becomes 'the one who has that thing':
bala (strength, พล) + in → balin 'strong'; dhana (wealth, ธน) + in → dhanin 'wealthy' (= เศรษฐี);
hasta (hand) + in → hastin 'having a hand' = elephant (using its trunk as a hand — Thai หัสดิน!).
Words ending in -as switch to the variant -vin: tapas (asceticism) + vin → tapasvin 'ascetic' (Thai ดบัสวิน).
Add another -ī for the feminine: svāminī, yoginī (inflected like the nadī family, learned in P11)."
Line three: gir/pur — a small family of bare roots (this time landing on a consonant, the same kind of bare root as P17).
"There's a small separate family ending in -ir/-ur: pur f. (town), gir f. (voice, song). They carry no extra น — the rules are even leaner:
before a consonant hat or at sentence end, ir/ur lengthens to īr/ūr and the ending -s is shed — the nominative of "town" is पूर् pūr, of "voice" is गीर् gīr;
before a vowel hat, it stays short as usual: object-hat puram (into town), locative-hat puri (in the town). Few words, but common in verse.
Thai บุรี ("town" — you see it every day as a place-name suffix) is the relative of this word for 'town'."
-in main table (dhanin "one who has wealth," masculine/neuter)
| Sg | Du | Pl | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nom (m) | धनी dhanī | धनिनौ dhaninau | धनिनस् dhaninas |
| Acc | धनिनम् dhaninam | धनिनौ dhaninau | धनिनस् dhaninas |
| Instr | धनिना dhaninā | धनिभ्याम् dhanibhyām | धनिभिस् dhanibhis |
| Loc | धनिनि dhanini | धनिनोस् dhaninos | धनिषु dhaniṣu |
| Voc | धनिन् dhanin | धनिनौ dhaninau | धनिनस् dhaninas |
(Neuter differs only in three slots: Nom/Acc/Voc Sg धनि dhani, Du धनिनी dhaninī, Pl धनीनि dhanīni; the rest matches masculine. Slots where น is shed: Nom Sg m dhanī, plus the voiced-hat group dhanibhyām/bhis, dhaniṣu; น remains everywhere else.)
gir/pur small table (feminine)
| Sg Nom/Acc | Sg Instr/Loc | Pl Nom/Instr/Loc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| पुर् town | पूर् pūr ／ पुरम् puram | पुरा purā ／ पुरि puri | पुरस् puras ／ पूर्भिस् pūrbhis ／ पूर्षु pūrṣu |
| गिर् voice | गीर् gīr ／ गिरम् giram | गिरा girā ／ गिरि giri | गिरस् giras ／ गीर्भिस् gīrbhis ／ गीर्षु gīrṣu |
▸ A big row of Pali -ี words (a calendar note): เศรษฐี (rich man), เสฏฐี (the very same word śreṣṭhin by the Pali route), มนตรี (minister), สวามี (master), โยคี — Pali, just like Sanskrit, loves using -in (-ī) to build titles/quality-nouns, so you'll keep running into it in Thai Buddhist vocabulary every day. Whenever you see a Thai identity-word ending in -ี, chances are there's an -in stem behind it.
Building blocks: no new building blocks this lesson.
TPRS wrap-up: "Who went into town? (dhanī svāmī) Whom did the master see? (yoginam) What did the master ask? Did the yogi want wealth?" — students answer using nominative -ī and object-hat -inam, choral recitation of the four-sentence sandhi version.
- "The -in family lets the hat decide whether the tail น stays: a vowel hat keeps น (dhaninam/dhaninā), sentence end and consonant hats shed น (dhanī / dhanibhis) — and the nominative, having shed it, lengthens i to ī."
- "-in = the stamp for 'one who has…': bala→balin (strong), dhana→dhanin (wealthy = rich), hasta→hastin (having hands = elephant, หัสดิน); -as words switch to -vin (tapasvin, ดบัสวิน)."
- "มนตรี is literally the nominative mantrī of mantrin, and โยคี is yogin with its น shed — Thai's whole row of -ี identity-words (สวามี/เศรษฐี/มนตรี) are all nominatives of this family."
- "The gir/pur small family: before a consonant hat, ir/ur → īr/ūr and s is shed (pūr/gīr, pūrbhis/gīrṣu); before a vowel hat it stays short (puram/puri); Thai บุรี is a relative of 'town.'"
Three-state slice of the tail น: 🔇dhanī↔dhaninam🔇↔dhanibhis (shed→kept→shed), read three times in a row; 🔇svāmī↔svāminam🔇, 🔇yogī↔yoginam🔇 (nominative vs. object-hat pairs); Thai-Sanskrit comparison: โยคิน↔โยคี (น there ↔ น shed — Thai demonstrates it for you), สวามี←svāmin, มนตรี←mantrī; gir/pur length slices: 🔇pūr↔puram🔇, 🔇gīr↔giram🔇 (lengthened before consonant hat vs. short before vowel hat); pūrbhis/gīrṣu read slowly; four story sentences in both versions; sandhi slices: puraṃ gacchati / yoginaṃ paśyati / dhanaṃ necchāmi (m→ṃ and a+i→e both appearing at once).
(Teacher-reference words: mantrin มนตรี (nominative mantrī = the Thai word itself, compound-final ending องคมนตรี/รัฐมนตรี), śreṣṭhin เศรษฐี/เสฏฐี (rich man, both a Sanskrit and a Pali route, same meaning as dhanin), hastin หัสดิน (elephant), pakṣin ปักษี (bird), balin (←bala พล), tapasvin ดบัสวิน／tāpasa ดาบส (a separate route), manasvin มนัสวี (already covered in P21), tejasvin (←tejas เดช) — reserved for decode-and-reclaim and future lessons. gir (voice) itself has no Thai head-word, but its instrumental girā does have a reflection: เคียร←คิรา←girā (5025 orst2011/reviewed, meaning "คำพูด" speech, archaic and rare) — pedagogically we still choose not to build a cognate hook for it (archaic word, only "reviewed" confidence), girā is recorded in the metadata as a weak anchor; prāṇin (sentient being), purūravas, candramas, aṅgiras exceed this lesson's load and do not go on the student page. The aṅgiras-type separate masculine nominative/vocative and compound-adjective declension are reserved for the crystallization lesson.)
The next crystallization lesson (wrapping up the consonant-stem section, carrying forward P21's preview): the -in family's shedding of น lines up alongside its neighbors — paired with the three faces -as/-is/-us (P21) and the bare-root consonant stems (P20) into one master table; the feminine -inī (svāminī/yoginī) gets a column added to the full nadī table (looking back to P11); the ir/ur→īr/ūr length alternation of gir/pur is set alongside the -bhyām/-bhis/-su consonant-hat group; the aṅgiras-type separate masculine nominative/vocative and -in compound-adjective declension (tapasvin as a modifier) are also gathered in there. SKT starts using the international abbreviation system from Lesson 22 on (N./Acc./S,D,P) — teachers should be aware, but the student page does not use it.