P13 · The Yesterday Machine, Middle Edition
Teacher notes / sources (students may skip)
Corresponds to: Perry Lesson XIII (§188–192) = SKT บทที่ 13 (อนทุยตนีภูต อาตมเนบท + monosyllabic ī-stem feminines). Sources: Perry §188–192 (backbone) + Ruppel Ch.30/Ch.13 (modern phrasing, graded exercise types) + SKT §13.1–13.7 (Thai terminology and passive-comparison table) + Goldman L7–L8 (de-mythologizing reminders). Core insight: the middle edition of the yesterday machine — P08's Ā-clothing (-te/-se/-e) worn over P11's past switch (the augment a-), zero new verbs, near-zero new vocabulary load. The only new noun material is a single class of "short monosyllabic little sister ī," paradigm word dhī, bridging to the anchor word strī = สตรี. This lesson = first half of W8; belongs to W9 Crystallization Lesson Four.
"Today's anchor is a natural-born pair of twins:
สตรี ← strī (woman) and บุรุษ ← puruṣa (man) — in Thai they simply mean 'woman/man,'
and even your grammar class's talk of 'first/second/third person' uses บุรุษที่ ๑/๒/๓!
The verbs today are all old friends recycled: ลาภ's (← lābha) verb labhate (he gets, P08's Ā-clothing) —
today she learns to say 'she got yesterday.' One more small thing: สตรี has two ID cards, and today we cover that difference."
Lesson sound rule (E3, taught alongside the vocabulary): the formal written form of strī is สฺตฺรี — underneath there's a small dot พินทุ (virāma ◌ฺ), marking "this string of consonants is clustered together." In everyday Thai, the dot gets wiped away, leaving สตรี. The same hand sweeps away a whole batch: krodha→โกรธ (anger), putra→บุตร (son, seen back in P07), cakra→จักร (wheel). When a Sanskrit consonant cluster enters Thai, it either inserts a vowel to sound it out in full (B2) or wipes the dot and writes it joined (E3) — สฺตฺรี→สตรี is on the "wipe the dot" path.
(Every verb recycled: alabhata/alabhanta←labhate(P08)+past switch(P11), pratyabhāṣata←bhāṣate(P08)+prefix prati+switch, apṛcchan←pṛcchati(P03)+switch(P11), labhate(P08 present middle, for comparison); hyaḥ is a P11 building block. The only new noun is the single dhī family (short monosyllabic little sister); the declining work is handed to the old acquaintance devī (P11), with strī appearing only in the plural striyaḥ (the women) as the anchor. The sandhi is all old rules: -aḥ+voiced→-o (hyo/striyo, P11 card), m+consonant→ṃ (kīrtiṃ); sentence ๔'s striyaḥ api→striyo 'pi is vowel sandhi, listen only, don't write. Recognition points per sentence: ๑ เทวี/ลาภ-root; ๒ สตรี/เทวี; ๓ บุรุษ/เกียรติ/ภาษา-root; ๔ สตรี/เกียรติ.)
"In P08 you got comfortable in your second outfit, Ā-clothing: labhate (he gets). In P11 you installed the past switch a-.
Today the two combine: alabhata (he got yesterday). Three steps, exactly like the active version —
① hang a- on the front ② swap the present ending -te for the yesterday ending -ta ③ everything else stays the same."
"Now your turn with Ā-clothing verbs: bhāṣate (he says) → ?" (abhāṣata) "yudhyate (he fights) → ?" (ayudhyata)
"'They got yesterday' = -anta (paired with present -ante, just drop the e): alabhanta.
'I got yesterday' = -e: alabhe — looks identical to present labhe, distinguished only by whether a- appears at the front — same trick as the active version."
▸ The single most cost-efficient day for mechanism reuse: one key opens two locks — drop the e from the present middle ending, hang a- on the front, and the middle-voice yesterday is yours. Zero new roots. SKT places the middle yesterday-ending table right next to the active yesterday-ending table (P11), stating plainly "the combination rule is the same as §8.3" — a cross-lesson recycling.
"Prefixed verbs (P09's add-on parts), when yesterday-ified, still get the switch installed inside the add-on part, right next to the root:
prati+bhāṣate (answer) → pratyabhāṣata (prati's i meets the switch a and squeezes into y, same pattern as P11's upāviśat).
New add-ons — get to know two high-frequency ones first: prati- (back·in response·as a return), ni- (down·inward).
The rest of the add-ons (adhi/api/abhi/vi…) and the small retroflex rule (ni- causes following s→ṣ) stay tabled, see you in Crystallization Lesson Four."
The monosyllabic little sister ī puts on her hat (this lesson's only new noun family):
"Paradigm word dhī (wisdom). Same ī-family as sister devī (P11), but there's one difference:
big sister is multi-syllabic, and when she puts on her hat, ī squeezes into y — devyā (instrumental hat); little sister dhī is too short, and her ī splits into iy — dhiyā.
Long ones squeeze, short ones split. Subject hat dhīs→dhīḥ, direction hat dhiyam, instrumental hat dhiyā."
"Anchor word strī (สตรี) belongs to this same small family — but in real texts she often lazily borrows big sister devī's hats,
so in our story she only appears as 'the women, striyaḥ.' Her special set of hats is for listening only, not for memorizing — full table in Crystallization Lesson Four."
TPRS wrap-up: "What did the queen gain yesterday? What did the women ask? How did the queen answer?" — students assemble the story using the middle-voice yesterday tense, choral recitation.
- "Middle-voice yesterday machine: switch a- + middle-voice yesterday endings -ta (he/she) / -e (I) / -anta (they) — P08's Ā-clothing worn into P11's past."
- "-ta↔-te, -anta↔-ante: drop that e from the present middle ending, and you have the yesterday ending. One key opens two locks."
- "Monosyllabic little sister dhī: ī splits into iy (dhiyam/dhiyā) — big sister devī's ī squeezes into y (devyā). Long ones squeeze, short ones split."
- "Sound-rule day (E3): under the formal spelling สฺตฺรี there's a small dot พินทุ, wiped away in everyday Thai to give สตรี; โกรธ/บุตร/จักร — the same hand at work."
Both versions of the four-sentence story; contrast slices: 🔇labhate↔alabhata🔇 / 🔇bhāṣate↔abhāṣata🔇 / 🔇labhante↔alabhanta🔇 (present middle ↔ yesterday middle, paired); 🔇devyā↔dhiyā🔇 (big sister squeezes into y, little sister splits into iy — slow-read comparison); pratyabhāṣata read slowly (the switch inside the add-on); strī's twin forms สฺตฺรี↔สตรี (with/without พินทุ, compared). Native-speaker sentence layer still to be linked (see 眞人原句池-RSS-L1-6).
(Teacher reference words: kāma กาม, krodha โกรธ, lobha โลภ, moha โมห, nāśa นาศ, kāraṇa การณ์, ratha รถ, samudra สมุทร, padma ปทุม, mahārāja มหาราช, muni มุนิ, mekhalā เมขลา, sṛṣṭi สฤษฎิ, hrī หิริ, karṇa กรรณ/กัณณ์, jāla ชาล, śrī ศรี, īśvara อีศวร, śveta เศวต, dhīra ธีร, cāru จารุ (false friend: the Thai sense skews toward "gold ทองคำ," diverging from the Sanskrit "beautiful") — Perry Vocabulary List XIII words, for decode-and-reclaim and passive-comparison exercise use, not yet entered into the story. Prefix group adhi/api/abhi/vi and verbs ati-kram/ud-jan/nis-pad/adhi-sthā/prati-sidh etc. taught alongside the table in Crystallization Lesson Four. kapota/vasati/anujñā/kṛtsna have no CSV match, no anchor is set.)
→ W9 Crystallization Lesson Four (collecting P12–15): the full middle-voice imperfect table given a formal home (a-+secondary middle endings, three persons three numbers, including dual -āvahi/-ethām/-etām) + the active imperfect (P11), present middle (P08), a three-way side-by-side table — "one key, three locks"; the passive imperfect (P10's passive stem + this lesson's middle endings, kr/pā/likh… an eight-set active-passive comparison table, SKT §13.3); the full monosyllabic ī/ū-stem table (dhī+strī dual-track paired with the ū-family vadhū, alongside devī/nadī's multi-syllabic family for comparison); the prefix group §190–192 checklist card + the retroflex-triggered-by-prefix quick-reference table (the ni-sad→niṣīdati type s→ṣ).