P12 · Week 7 · Lesson

P12 · Sister Hats

the ladies of the i-family and u-family

Draft · in review

Teacher notes / sources (students may skip)

Corresponds to: Perry Lesson XII (§185–187) = SKT บทที่ 12 (อิ-การันต์/อุ-การันต์ feminine). Sources: Perry §185–187 (backbone) + Ruppel Ch.26/Ch.13 (modern phrasing, "recognize-form → generate → build-sentence" exercise types) + SKT §12.1–12.4 (Thai terminology and dual-form columns) + Goldman L6 §6.0–6.2 (pitfall warnings). Core insight: zero new hats — the sisters simply reuse the hats of brothers agni/guru; the only truly new item is one snug-fitting instrumental hat (-yā/-vā) plus "four spare hats, listen-only for now." This lesson's Perry word-list is a goldmine of Thai loanwords (the whole -ti sister family). This lesson shares W7 (second half) with P11; Crystallization Lesson Three (this week's session 4) collects P8–11, and this lesson belongs to Crystallization Lesson Four (W9).

① AnchorA cognate hiding in Thai — recognise it first, then learn its form0. Anchor (5 minutes)

"Four new friends, all of whom you use every day:
เกียรติ (Thai: "honor, glory") ← kīrti (glory) — the เกียรติ in เกียรติยศ!
มติ (Thai: "opinion, resolution") ← mati (thought, opinion) — the มติ in ที่ประชุมลงมติ, "the meeting passed a resolution."
สันติ (Thai: "peace") ← śānti (peace) — the first half of สันติภาพ (peace).
เธนุ (Thai: "milk-cow") ← dhenu (milk-cow) — a formal, dictionary-register word; today she's the heroine of our story."

Lesson sound rule (B4, taught alongside the vocabulary): Sanskrit ir/īr commonly becomes the Thai diphthong เอีย (a sound Sanskrit itself does not have): kīrti→เกียรติ, kṣīra→เกษียร — เกษียรสมุทร, the Ocean of Milk that Viṣṇu churned in P05! Thai also keeps the unshifted form กีรติ in parallel — the same word borrowed twice, living proof of rule B4.

② StoryA micro-story you can follow, with only one new form1. Story (CI micro-narrative — The Milk-Cow and the Sage)

๑

🔇

ह्यः धेनुः ग्रामम् आगच्छत्।

hyaḥ dhenuḥ grāmam āgacchat.

Yesterday a milk-cow came into the village.

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ऋषिः धेनुम् अपश्यत्।

ṛṣiḥ dhenum apaśyat.

The sage saw the milk-cow.

๓

🔇

धेनुः न भाषते। शान्तिम् इच्छति।

dhenuḥ na bhāṣate. śāntim icchati.

The milk-cow does not speak — she wants peace.

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ऋषिः धेनुम् पूजयति। कीर्तिम् लभते।

ṛṣiḥ dhenum pūjayati. kīrtim labhate.

The sage treats the milk-cow well — he gains glory.

(Every verb is recycled: āgacchat←āgacchati(P05)+past switch(P11), apaśyat←paśyati(P05)+switch, bhāṣate(P08), icchati(P03), pūjayati(P07), labhate(P08); hyaḥ is a P11 building block. The only new nouns are three — dhenu/śānti/kīrti, all with CSV-verified Thai anchors. The sandhi is all old rules: -uḥ+voiced→-ur (dhenur, the P05 card), -iḥ+voiced→-ir (ṛṣir, the P04 card), hyo (P11), m+consonant→ṃ (dhenuṃ/kīrtiṃ). Recognition points per sentence: ๑ เธนุ/คติ-root; ๒ ฤๅษี/เธนุ; ๓ เธนุ/ภาษา-root/สันติ; ๔ ฤๅษี/บูชา/เกียรติ/ลาภ-root.)

③ Sentence-buildingBuild it sentence by sentence from words you already have2. Sentence-Building (MT track — sisters wear the hats)

"mati (มติ — opinion), a sister of the i-family. The hat matches brother agni exactly: subject hat?" (student: matiḥ)
"Direction hat?" (student: matim) "u-family sister dhenu: subject hat?" (student: dhenuḥ) "Direction hat?" (student: dhenum)

▸ Second round of migration-proof: rāmaḥ:rāmam :: agniḥ:agnim :: matiḥ:matim :: dhenuḥ:dhenum — swap out the stem, swap out the family, the hat-logic stays put. Old business for the noun system.

"The only difference is the instrumental hat (the one used in P10's three-step passive).
Brothers pad it out with an n: agninā. Sisters wear it snug, no padding:
mati→matyā (i squeezes into y), dhenu→dhenvā (u squeezes into v).
jāti (birth — ชาติ!) → 'by birth'?" (student: jātyā)
"śānti's instrumental hat?" (student: śāntyā) "dhenu's?" (student: dhenvā)
"Sisters also have four spare hats (the matyāi/matyāḥ/matyām set — borrowed from the nadī family); today, listen only, don't wear them — full table in Crystallization Lesson Four."

One new verb (the direction-marker sticker pays off again): diś (point — the ทิศ in "direction" ทิศ!) + upa (draw near) → upadiśati (he points out / teaches). Thai เทศน์/เทศนา (to preach; a sermon) ← deśanā, exactly the noun of this same root.

"'The sage teaches (the way of) peace'?" (student: ṛṣiḥ śāntim upadiśati)
"Taught it yesterday? The switch goes inside the sticker (same pattern as P11's upāviśat):" (student: upādiśat)

A free bonus pair: guru (heavy) / laghu (light) — the heavy-light syllables ครุ–ลหุ you use in reciting poetry are exactly these two! The feminine forms gurvī/laghvī wear the nadī family's clothes — see you in Crystallization Lesson Four.

No new building block this lesson (the time trio was issued in P11; this lesson simply recycles hyaḥ — better none than a forced fit).

TPRS wrap-up: "Who came yesterday? Whom did the sage see? What did the milk-cow want? What did the sage gain?" — students assemble the story, choral recitation.

④ DripGrammar one line at a time; the full table comes at the crystallization lesson3. In-Line Drip (four lines)

Listen4. Listening (audio checklist)

▶ audioAudio checklist for this lesson — placeholders in the preview; the live version uses pre-baked Matcha audio + real recordings (played when logged in, not hot-linked).

Both versions of the four-sentence story; contrast slices: 🔇agninā↔matyā🔇↔dhenvā (brother pads with n, sisters wear it snug); dhenuḥ/dhenum/dhenvā triplet; 🔇mataye↔matyāi🔇 (the same hat worn two ways — dual forms coexisting, listen only); kīrti read slowly with เกียรติ/กีรติ twin-form comparison; 🔇upadiśati↔upādiśat🔇 (the switch inside the sticker); the opening verse makṣikā vraṇam icchanti… (Perry XII's opening aphorism — listen for rhythm only, formal reading in Crystallization Lesson Four).

Use5. Use (Exercises)

Hat-swap matrix: mati/kīrti/śānti/dhenu × subject hat/direction hat/instrumental hat (orally, recast).

Brother or sister? Teacher calls out -iḥ/-uḥ words (agniḥ/matiḥ/ṛṣiḥ/kīrtiḥ/guruḥ/dhenuḥ…), students judge the family and put on the instrumental hat (agninā vs matyā) — live proof that "words ending in -ti are mostly sisters."

Yesterday-ification recycled (interlocked with the same week as P11): dhenuḥ āgacchati ↔ hyaḥ dhenuḥ āgacchat; guruḥ upadiśati ↔ guruḥ upādiśat (the switch is inside the sticker — listen for the ā).

Question-answer chain: kim icchasi? — śāntim icchāmi / kīrtim icchāmi; kim labhase? — kīrtiṃ labhe.

Decode and reclaim: เกียรติ←kīrti live decoding (B4's debut); ชาติ←jāti, ราตรี←rātri, ภักดี←bhakti, ภูมิ←bhūmi, รัศมี←raśmi — all on this lesson's Perry word-list; ธาตุ←dhātu (พระธาตุ — a familiar u-family card).

kośa intakeThis lesson's words enter your personal word-store6. kośa (personal word-store — this lesson's entries)

Words ×5

mati/dhenu/kīrti/śānti/upa-diś

opinion मति (มติ — ลงมติ) / milk-cow धेनु (เธนุ) / glory कीर्ति (เกียรติ ★B4) / peace शान्ति (สันติ — สันติภาพ) / point out·teach उपदिशति upadiśati (root of ทิศ/เทศน์)

Operation ×1

Sister instrumental hat -yā/-vā

i→y, u→v worn snug (matyā/dhenvā); brothers pad with n (agninā) — comparison card

Sandhi ×1

-iḥ/-uḥ+voiced→-ir/-ur (merged/upgraded card)

ṛṣir dhenur side by side (paired with story sentences ๑๒ audio; P04/P05 cards merged into one)

Rule ×1

B4 เอีย←ir/īr

linked to เกียรติ/กีรติ twin forms + เกษียรสมุทร audio

(Teacher reference words: jāti ชาติ, rātri ราตรี, bhakti ภักดี, bhūmi ภูมิ, raśmi รัศมี, smṛti สมฤดี (สมปฤดี, consciousness), śruti ศรุติ (literary register), yaṣṭi ยัษฏิ (staff), hanu หนุ (jaw), mukti มุตติ (Pali-style -tt-) — Perry vocabulary list XII words, for decode-and-reclaim and Q&A use, not yet entered into the story. guru/laghu heavy-light pair (ครุ/ลฆุ, prosody conventionally writes ครุ–ลหุ); makṣikā/vraṇa/kalaha/pārthiva and other aphorism-verse words go with the poem in Crystallization Lesson Four; kḷp (kalpate)/vid (vindati) word-list verbs await reclaiming in the P13+ story line.)

Crystallization linkCrystallization Bridge

→ W9 Crystallization Lesson Four (collecting P12–15): full mati/dhenu tables given a formal home (eight cases × three numbers + the dual-form-coexistence column — matyāi/matyāḥ/matyām spare hats take their place); the feminine-stem family lineup (kanyā ā-family / nadī ī-family / mati i-family / dhenu u-family side by side — "four sister families, one logic"); the -āu locative/dual collision pitfall analysis (Goldman's warning); u-stem adjective feminine forms gurvī/laghvī (following nadī); formal reading of the opening aphorism verse.