Crystallization Lesson Five · Two Voices of the Optative · the Full Panorama of Four Moods and Eight Faces · Filing go／nau

One — Draw It Out (8 minutes) — blanks before the chart

Draw a row of blanks on the board, no chart name yet.

"These two weeks you've picked up one more mood, and you've claimed the cow and the boat. Shout out what you already know.
'He's going right now'?" (gacchati) "'He went yesterday'?" (agacchat) "'Let him go!'?" (gacchatu)
"'He should/might go'?" (gacchet) "The Ā-clothes version of 'he's getting right now'?" (labhate) "'He should get'?" (labheta)
"'Cow (subject)'?" (gauḥ) "'Look at that cow'?" (gām) "'Boat (subject)'?" (nauḥ) "'By boat' (instrument)?" (nāvā)

(A dozen-odd blanks light up in quick succession.)

"See that? One single verb now has four moods, and each mood splits into two sets of clothes — you've already claimed half of all eight faces.
Today we do three things: **line the eight faces up into one chart, give the 'should' mood's two sets of clothes their formal home,
and file the cow and the boat. What's left isn't new material — it's filling in the gaps.**"

Two — Naming One: Full Chart of the "Should" Mood's Two Sets of Clothes (14 minutes)

"Giving orders splits into two sets of clothes, and 'should/might/may it be' works the same way: ordinary clothes (P01's -ti family) for 'should,'
Ā clothes (P08's -te family) for 'should.' There's only one secret — the a at the end of the stem fuses with a little ī into e (the wish switch),
and the whole set carries that '-e-.'"

Active "should" mood full chart (bhavet type, matching P16):

Ā-clothes "should" mood full chart (labheta type, matching P17):

• Already lit up (forms students have used in sentences): active — paśyeyam (may I see), paśyeḥ (you would see), gacchet／vaset (he might go／stay), gacchema／paśyema (P16);

Ā clothes — labheya (may I get), labhethāḥ (you would get), labheta／modeta (he would get／rejoice), moderan (they would rejoice then, P17).

• The old rule for "you" holds: active -eḥ (bhaveḥ), Ā clothes -ethāḥ (labhethāḥ) — same as with the imperative (stripping the tail vs. -sva): the switch is the same, only the clothes differ.
• Two "they" traps to remember together: the active is never -anti/-an, it's always -eyuḥ (bhaveyuḥ); Ā clothes is never -ante/-anta, it's always -eran (labheran).

— "the 'should' mood's 'they' always swaps its tail" is this mood's loudest ear-marker.

• When e meets a vowel, you pad it: active pads with य् (-eyam／-eyuḥ), Ā clothes pads the dual with या (labheyātām／labheyāthām) — just listen for the extra padded sound.
• Row order follows the Sanskrit-Pali tradition with prathama first; Perry's original chart runs 1–2–3 in reverse — note the flip when cross-referencing the textbook.

Three — Naming Two: Four Moods × Two Voices, the Eight-Face Panorama (12 minutes) — one verb, eight faces

"Today's biggest chart. The same verb, four moods paired with two sets of clothes, makes eight faces. Look first at the 'he (singular)' row —
all eight faces are right here, and you don't lack a single one."

The eight-face master row ("he · singular," seeing all at once):

• Already lit up: students have used all four active faces (gacchati P01／agacchat P11／gacchatu P14／gacchet P16);

and all four Ā-clothes faces too (labhate P08／alabhata P13／labhatām P15／labheta P17). Not a single one of the eight cells is blank — today just arranges them into one chart.

• One thread: ordinary clothes are marked by -ti／-t／-tu／-et, Ā clothes by -te／-ta／-tām／-eta — the clothes don't change, only that small mood-marker changes.

The "they" trap row (3pl, the row most likely to trip you up among the eight faces):

"In three of the moods, 'they' all belongs to the same -an- family (-anti／-an／-antu／-ante／-anta／-antām) — only the 'should' mood defects:
active -eyuḥ, Ā clothes -eran. Memorize this one cell cold, and you won't misread the eight-face chart."

• This panorama = the student version of the summary chart at the end of SKT บทที่ 16 (four moods × two voices laid out side by side for comparison, including the Ā column) — the textbook itself places it at the close of Lesson 16, and we follow suit. (For the chart names and how they map to each mood, see the "paradigm verification" section of the platform-layer metadata.)

Four — Naming Three: Filing go／nau (8 minutes) — the shapeshifter king vs. the model student

"Cow and boat, side by side. go is the shapeshifter king (its core vowel alternates between au／o／av on its own), nau is the model student (no tricks up its sleeve).
You already know how to handle both faces — listen for the pattern, don't memorize the cells."

• Already lit up: go — gauḥ (P16 sentence ๓), gām (P16 sentences ๑／๒), gavā (P16's anchor "using the cow"); nau — nauḥ (P17 sentence ๓), nāvam (P17 sentences ๑／๒), nāvā (P17 sentence ๒ "goes to the sea by boat"). Recognize the deep hats, don't drill them.
• One mnemonic, two patterns: go uses gau-/gā- in heavy cases (subject hat·direction hat), and its bare face go-/gav- otherwise; nau takes nāv- before a vowel, nau- before a consonant.

— Thai only ever borrows the bare face: โค = the go stem itself, เนา／นาวิก = the nāv- face.

• go's direction hat gām has a long -ām (unlike pitaram's -am) — this is the one place where it differs most from P15's r-family "shapeshifters," worth a special mention on its own.

Wrapping up the bare-root one-syllable family (old faces converging — not newly taught):

"P13's little sister dhī, when she puts on a hat, splits into iy (dhiyam／dhiyā); P14/P17's bhū, in its weak-case hats, bulges into uv (bhuvam／bhuvā).
Today we sum it up in one mnemonic: ī splits into iy, ū splits into uv — bhuvam/bhuvā are perfectly symmetric with dhiyam/dhiyā, nothing new here."

• Already lit up: dhīḥ/dhiyam/dhiyā (P13's queen gains wisdom), bhūḥ (P17 sentence ๔ "if the earth is stable"); bhuvam/bhuvā appear this lesson only as a symmetric wrap-up.

Five — the Two Negation Switches + Decoder Review Column (5 minutes) — no new rules this lesson, reviewing what's already taught

"Two moods say 'no' with different switches. Get this pair straight — it's worth more than learning one more new rule."

"One sentence sums it up: only the imperative's 'don't' uses mā, everywhere else it's na." (Perry §207: the negation of the optative uses na.)

Decoder review (reviewing what's already taught, no new claims this lesson):

• A2, the three-row stop-consonant lookup chart (taught in P16): unvoiced ก จ ฏ ต ป／aspirated ข ฉ ฐ ถ ผ／voiced (written voiced, read unvoiced) ค ช ฑ ท พ — carrier words recycled from โค／โคตร (ค voiced row + ต unvoiced row).
• C2, v→พ (taught in P17): วาณิช = พาณิช doublet (old path v→ว／new path v→พ) — contrast นาวิก's ว, which takes the old path (A4).

"Both of these rules were claimed just two lessons ago — today we just review them side by side. A crystallization lesson doesn't add new rules; it polishes what's already in hand."

Six — Cognate Production + Second Wave (8 minutes)

• Cognate production: everyone draws a noun card and a verb from their kośa, and on the spot (a) puts three hats on it, (b) makes a wish-sentence in the "should" mood.

Sample: gāṃ paśyeyam (may I see the cow) ／nāvā gacchet (he might go by boat) ／sāgaraṃ paśyema (may we see the sea). Teacher recasts, no interruptions.

• Second wave (Assimil method): retell P16's cow-sighting story using Thai prompts — and require the active forms to be recast into Ā clothes on the spot

(gacchet → its middle-voice equivalent, labheya steps up), then have the whole class use yadi…tarhi… to build one "active + Ā clothes mixed" conditional sentence in the "should" mood (modeled on P17 sentence ๔). Two weeks' worth of CI input, and this week it's the story's turn to make a wish.

• Closing preview: "Once this eight-face chart is set, the whole family of four moods × two sets of clothes is complete — SKT's seventeen-lesson verb skeleton is now fully assembled.

From here on verbs start playing new tricks (the causative mood of 'having someone else do it'), and in a few lessons nouns will leave the vowel families behind and enter the new family of consonant-final stems."

Chart cards ×3: optative two-voices full chart card (active bhavet + Ā clothes labheta in one frame, -eyuḥ/-eran double-trap bound together), four-moods-eight-faces panorama card ("he · singular" eight cells + the "they" trap row; appears as one full chart at review time), go／nau comparison card (shapeshifter king vs. model student + dhī/bhū splitting mnemonic side panel). Special-column card ×1: two negation switches (mā = only the imperative's "don't" ／na = everywhere else, appearing as a pair at review time). (No new Decoder card this lesson; A2/C2 stay on their P16/P17 cards, reviewed side by side only.)